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PNAS 97 (23): 12625-12630

Copyright © 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences.

Cell Biology
 PERK mediates cell-cycle exit during the mammalian unfolded protein response

Joseph W. Brewer* and J. Alan Diehldagger ,Dagger ,§,

* Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, dagger  Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Dagger  Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and § Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805

Edited by Joan V. Ruderman, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and approved August 29, 2000 (received for review May 30, 2000)

The accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR)-signaling pathway. The UPR coordinates the induction of ER chaperones with decreased protein synthesis and growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Three ER transmembrane protein kinases (Ire1alpha , Ire1beta , and PERK) have been implicated as proximal effectors of the mammalian UPR. We now demonstrate that activation of PERK signals the loss of cyclin D1 during the UPR, culminating in cell-cycle arrest. Overexpression of wild-type PERK inhibited cyclin D1 synthesis in the absence of ER stress, thereby inducing a G1 phase arrest. PERK expression was associated with increased phosphorylation of the translation elongation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha ), an event previously shown to block cyclin D1 translation. Conversely, a truncated form of PERK lacking its kinase domain acted as a dominant negative when overexpressed in cells, attenuating both cyclin D1 loss and cell-cycle arrest during the UPR without compromising induction of ER chaperones. These data demonstrate that PERK serves as a critical effector of UPR-induced growth arrest, linking stress in the ER to control of cell-cycle progression.

To whom reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: adiehl{at}unmc.edu.

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