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Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (3): 957-970
Copyright © 2000 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2000, p. 957-970, Vol. 20, No. 3
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Orphan Receptor COUP-TF Is Required for Induction
of Retinoic Acid Receptor , Growth Inhibition, and Apoptosis by
Retinoic Acid in Cancer Cells
Bingzhen
Lin,
Guo-quan
Chen,
Dongmei
Xiao,
Siva Kumar
Kolluri,
Xihua
Cao,
Hong
Su, and
Xiao-kun
Zhang*
Cancer Research Center, The Burnham
Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
Received 31 August 1999/Returned for modification 1 October
1999/Accepted 5 November 1999
Retinoic acid receptor (RAR ) plays a critical role in
mediating the anticancer effects of retinoids. Expression of RAR is
highly induced by retinoic acid (RA) through a RA response element
( RARE) that is activated by heterodimers of RARs and retinoid X
receptors (RXRs). However, RAR induction is often lost in cancer
cells despite expression of RARs and RXRs. In this study, we provide
evidence that orphan receptor COUP-TF is required for induction of
RAR expression, growth inhibition, and apoptosis by RA in cancer
cells. Expression of COUP-TF correlates with RAR induction in a
variety of cancer cell lines. In addition, stable expression of COUP-TF
in COUP-TF-negative cancer cells restores induction of RAR
expression, growth inhibition, and apoptosis by RA, whereas inhibition
of COUP-TF by expression of COUP-TF antisense RNA represses the RA
effects. In a transient transfection assay, COUP-TF strongly induced
transcriptional activity of the RAR promoter in a RA- and
RAR -dependent manner. By mutation analysis, we demonstrate that the
effect of COUP-TF requires its binding to a DR-8 element present in the
RAR promoter. The binding of COUP-TF to the DR-8 element
synergistically increases the RA-dependent RAR transactivation
function by enhancing the interaction of RAR with its coactivator
CREB binding protein. These results demonstrate that COUP-TF, by
serving as an accessory protein for RAR to induce RAR expression,
plays a critical role in regulating the anticancer activities of retinoids.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Burnham
Institute, Cancer Research Center, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037. Phone: (858) 646-3141. Fax: (858) 646-3195. E-mail: xzhang{at}burnham-inst.org.
Molecular and Cellular Biology, February 2000, p. 957-970, Vol. 20, No. 3
0270-7306/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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